Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and, in most cases, of its cervix. Depending on the reason for the surgery, a hysterectomy may involve removing surrounding organs and tissues, such as the fallopian tubes and ovaries. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located deep in the abdominal cavity between the bladder and the rectum. The shape of the uterus resembles a flat pear, which is located with its wide part upwards in the direction of the abdominal cavity. The blood that is released during menstruation is released from the innermost layer of the uterus – the endometrium. The uterus is also where the fertilized egg implants. The fetus develops from it during pregnancy. Therefore, after removal of the uterus, a woman does not have a monthly cycle and cannot become pregnant. Most often, performing a hysterectomy may be necessary in the presence of a malformation in this organ, abnormal vaginal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, and others. Depending on the reason, hysterectomy can be total, supracervical, total with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, as well as radical with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In a total hysterectomy, the entire uterus is removed, along with its cervix, but the ovaries are left. In the supracervical, only the upper part of the uterus is removed and the cervix is ​​left. Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy involves removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes – salpingectomy, and ovaries – oophorectomy. In these women, the removal of the ovaries leads to the onset of menopausal symptoms. Radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, on the other hand, is the removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, upper part of the vagina, as well as some surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. This type of hysterectomy is usually performed on women with a tumor malformation that is located in this area. After conducting a consultation with a gynecologist, he can determine the most suitable type of hysterectomy for the specific case, as well as the best surgical approach to perform it. It can be vaginal, laparoscopic, robotic laparoscopic hysterectomy or abdominal hysterectomy. The procedure lasts from one to three hours. The time is determined by the size of the uterus, as well as the need to remove adjacent tissues and organs. After the operation, vaginal discharge is possible up to six weeks after the operation, as well as discomfort in the incision area. In cases where the ovaries have been removed, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, decreased or loss of libido or insomnia may occur. References: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/4852-hysterectomy