The first signs of menopause can appear years after its onset – this period is called premenopause. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles – initially they become shorter, and subsequently – longer. Estrogens are released in the first phase of the menstrual cycle, and progesterone in the second phase, after ovulation. During premenopause there is an increased synthesis of estrogens. As ovulation becomes irregular, estrogens are in excess, leading to bloating, fluid retention, breast tenderness, and a change in menstruation. Hot flashes Hot flashes affect 3/4 of women after the age of 48. These are sudden increases in body temperature that can be observed both during the day and at night. They can sometimes be associated with flushing of the face and neck, sweating, tingling, palpitations or dizziness. These hot flashes can last for several months or years. Weight Gain Controlling body weight becomes a difficult task because the metabolism slows down. The decrease in estrogen levels favors the accumulation of adipose tissue, especially in the abdominal area. On the other hand, these hormonal changes also explain the increased appetite. All this emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Mood disorders Lack of motivation, irritability, emotional instability and anxiety are characteristic symptoms of menopause. Estrogens regulate mood, which is why hormonal changes can lead to depressive episodes. Lack of energy The progressive decline of estrogens leads to a feeling of extreme fatigue that begins in the pre-menopausal period. Estrogens affect the centers in the brain responsible for energy, and their decline increases the feeling of fatigue. Some women also experience sleep disturbances. Decreased sexual desire During menopause, half of women experience vaginal dryness and reduced sensitivity of the clitoris. A large number of women have observed a reduced sexual desire after the final cessation of menstruation. The reason for these changes is the drop in estrogen. Other signs of menopause can be: Difficulty urinating; Joint pains; Asthenia; Impaired concentration; Memory disorders. References: https://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Actualites/Dossiers/DossierComplexe.aspx?doc=Les-premiers-signes-de-la-menopause&mode=diapo