Trophoblastic disease includes two groups of extremely rare conditions – gestational trophoblastic disease and non-gestational trophoblastic disease. Characteristic of the gestational form is that fertilization has taken place, but the pregnancy is non-viable and must be terminated promptly. Non-gestational trophoblastic disease or the so-called A choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops without previous fertilization. Fortunately, this disease is extremely rare, as its prognosis is poor. Gestational trophoblastic disease is a tumor that arises as a result of abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic elements of the blastocyst, i.e. when an egg is fertilized by one or more sperm. Gestational trophoblastic disease includes the so-called grape-shaped mole, also called molar pregnancy (mola hydatidosa) and the invasive mole (mola hydatidosa destruens). Characteristic of molar pregnancy is that it has a benign course, while in invasive molar the course is more often malignant with/without the development of metastases. In Europe, molar pregnancy occurs with a frequency of 1:1000 to 1:1700 pregnancies, while in countries in Asia its frequency reaches 1:200 pregnancies. Molar pregnancy, in turn, is divided into two subtypes: total and partial. The patient’s age is considered a risk factor for its more frequent development – women under 21 years of age and those over 35 years of age have a significantly higher risk. Risk factors include previous molar pregnancy, family history of molar pregnancy, etc. A partial mole occurs when two sperm fertilize one egg. A non-viable fetus develops, which most often has a karyotype of 69ХХ, 69XXX, 69XYY (triploidy – two haploid sets from the father and one from the mother). Although less common, a fetus may carry two haploid sets from the mother and one from the father. Symptomatically, partial mole may remain initially unrecognized as it occurs with a picture of threatened abortion – vaginal bleeding, possible discharge of bubbly tissue from the vagina. Patients are amenorrhoeic, complain of uncontrolled nausea and vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) due to abnormally high levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), uterus is usually larger than the gestational age. Bilateral theca-lutein ovarian cysts are a characteristic ultrasound finding. When testing beta-CHG, the hormone values ​​are abnormally high for the corresponding gestational week – over 500,000 – 1,000,000 IU/24 hours. The partial mole in most cases ends spontaneously as a missed abortion, after which the contents must be evacuated by dilation and vacuum aspiration and regular follow-up of beta-CHG values. In total mole, there is fertilization of an “empty” egg in which the karyotype is entirely paternal, 46 XX or 46 XY. Is it missing fetal parts and symptomatically similar to partial mole with vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis,theca-lutein cysts in the ovaries, increased levels of beta-CHG, symptoms of hyperfunction of the thyroid gland – palpitations, tremors, an increase in the size of the thyroid gland. Serial monitoring of hCG levels is extremely important in cluster pregnancy, and it is initially recommended that they be monitored weekly until persistently negative. If negative, follow-up is performed monthly until the sixth month, and then every 2 months. If, after evacuation of the contents, the hCG values ​​do not decrease or begin to rise, it is necessary to carry out chemotherapy. Invasive mole together with choriocarcinoma refer to the so-called malignant trophoblastic disease. The difference is that invasive carcinoma is in most cases non-metastatic, while choriocarcinoma metastasizes to surrounding tissues and organs, lung, liver, brain. Diagnosis is made after histopathological examination. In these cases of malignant trophoblastic disease, X-rays of the lungs, echography of abdominal organs, computed tomography are used as additional tests, with the aim of searching for metastases in distant organs. The treatment of invasive mole in women who have not completed their reproductive function is monochemotherapy, and in women who have completed it – total hysterectomy. Treatment for choriocarcinoma is combined chemotherapy and, in some cases, surgical treatment. Trophoblastic disease is a rare condition, which in most cases is benign, needs strict follow-up and proper planning of the next pregnancy.Trophoblastic disease is a rare condition, which in most cases is benign, needs strict follow-up and proper planning of the next pregnancy.Trophoblastic disease is a rare condition, which in most cases is benign, needs strict follow-up and proper planning of the next pregnancy.