It is much easier to treat ovarian carcinoma when the disease is detected at an early stage. (To the first part of the material – What are the early signs of ovarian carcinoma?) The ovaries are located deep in the abdominal cavity, and it is unlikely that you will feel or feel a growing tumor. There is no routine diagnostic screening for ovarian cancer. This is why it is so important for every woman to report any unusual or persistent symptoms. If the attending physician doubts whether the complaints are not due to a malignant disease, a pelvic examination will most likely be assigned. As the tumor grows, it can press on the bladder and rectum. The following research methods can also be used to diagnose ovarian cancer: Transvaginal ultrasound. This is a type of imaging test that uses sound waves to detect tumors in the reproductive organs, including the ovaries. Transvaginal ultrasound, however, cannot help the doctor determine whether it is a benign tumor or a malignant one. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Blood tests to measure levels of CA 125. This is a biomarker that is used to assess therapeutic response in ovarian cancer and other malignancies of the reproductive organs. However, menstruation, fibroids, and uterine cancer can affect biomarker levels. Biopsy. This test involves removing a small sample of tissue from the ovary and analyzing the sample under a microscope. It is important to note that although all tests can help make the diagnosis, a biopsy is the only way to confirm the presence of ovarian malignancy. Treatment of the disease depends on how far the cancer has spread. Surgery is the main treatment for ovarian carcinoma. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor, but a hysterectomy or complete removal of the uterus is often necessary. The doctor who monitors the condition may recommend removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, as well as nearby lymph nodes. Treatment methods such as chemotherapy attack cancer cells while damaging normal cells in the body. New targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced epithelial carcinoma involve the use of drugs that block an enzyme used by cells to repair their damaged DNA. Treatment of ovarian cancer with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery can damage the reproductive organs, making it difficult to conceive. Before starting treatment, it is advisable to discuss the possibility of freezing eggs for a possible future pregnancy. Women who are faced with a cancer diagnosis at a young age often have to consider how cancer treatment will affect their ability to have children in the future. The good news is that more and more attention is being paid to this topic, allowing more women to preserve their fertility.without compromising the outcome of cancer treatment.