Carcinoma development is a process of disorganization of intracellular signals and the stages of proliferation, differentiation and cell death. This type of condition is becoming a scourge of modern man in developed countries. Therefore, the prevention of its development and the organization of health care in the case of an already diagnosed disease are extremely important. Prevention of oncological diseases comes first. It aims to reduce morbidity. Prevention can be divided into primary (to control and eliminate the cause of the disease), secondary (to detect and eliminate precancerous and early neoplastic changes) and tertiary (to prevent relapses and metastases). Secondary prevention is particularly well developed in cervical carcinoma. A necessary condition for the implementation of this prevention is the availability of highly sensitive methods for early diagnosis (screening), combined with sufficiently effective methods of treatment. NEWS_MORE_BOX For cervical cancer, cytological (PAP-test) and HPV-typing are applied, followed by a clarifying diagnosis by colposcopy with taking material for microscopic examination – biopsy. The main reason for the development of cervical cancer is persistent HPV infection, as HPV types 16 and 18 are directly responsible for starting cervical oncogenesis. The target of papillomaviruses are the cells of the epithelium located in the border area between the flat and cylindrical epithelium. Viral oncoproteins disrupt the differentiation, maturation, arrangement and division activity of cells. The cytological method (PAP-test) is divided into groups from I to IV as a result depending on the dyskeratosis of individual cells, the severity of nuclear and cytoplasmic changes. A swab is taken from the cervix with a cotton swab at one end and the cotton is spread over a glass slide which is examined under a microscope. The classic classification of the test accepts group IIIa and IIIb results as precancerous changes. With such a result, it is appropriate to continue examining the cervix by colposcopy. On to the sequel