Modern methods of contraception are diverse and can be applied depending on the woman’s desire and state of health. One of their main characteristics is their efficiency. To determine it, the Pearl index was formulated. It is given for each contraceptive method separately and depends on the number of pregnancies that occurred with the correct method over a period of 1 year. Intrauterine means that are used to control and prevent unwanted pregnancy are relatively highly effective. Intrauterine contraceptives are placed in the woman’s uterus and, depending on their type, can be used for 3-5 years. They are also called pessaries or intrauterine devices. Most of them are T-shaped and attach to the uterine fundus. Intrauterine contraceptives used today are bioactive agents: Containing bioactive metal – copper, silver. Contains a hormone – Levonorgestrel, which is a progestogen. Intrauterine devices are inserted into the uterus by an obstetrician-gynecologist. They are introduced through the vagina, mild local anesthesia can be used to avoid discomfort for the woman. Insertion of an intrauterine coil requires that the woman be free of inflammatory disease or malignant neoplasm of the organs of the reproductive system and that she is not pregnant. The insertion of the pessary can be done at any time of the monthly cycle, the most suitable time is considered to be after menstruation. After the insertion, the woman may feel discomfort and have light bleeding, which quickly passes. Placed in the uterine cavity, the intrauterine spirals are a “foreign body” for the woman’s body. Therefore, an inflammatory reaction can develop without a pathological agent. The changes that occur in the endometrium as well as the products of the inflammatory reaction lead to disorders in the spermatozoa encountered during sexual contact and they die. Pessaries that release hormones affect the endometrium. They secrete a constant, certain amount of hormone for one day. In this way, they do not allow the endometrium to prepare for implantation of a fertilized egg in the event that fertilization has occurred. NEWS_MORE_BOX Intrauterine spirals, which secrete a hormone, due to their nature of action, do not allow the endometrium to grow, lead to hypomenorrhea – a decrease in the duration of menstruation. Complications as a result of insertion of intrauterine contraception Pain can be observed in women in the first days after insertion of the intrauterine spiral. The pain is the result of muscle contractions of the uterus – contractions through which the pessary can be expelled from the body. Another complication that is observed in the first weeks after placing intrauterine devices is the development of an infectious process in the uterus. During the insertion of the pessary, it is necessary to observe strict rules in order not to transmit an infection from the external genital organs.Such an infection due to an inserted intrauterine spiral most often develops 3-4 months after insertion. The rarest complication of intrauterine contraception is uterine perforation. The frequency of this complication is 1:1000 and most often it occurs during the insertion of the IUD itself. The removal of the spiral is performed by an obstetrician-gynecologist. If pelvic inflammatory disease develops, initially the intrauterine device can be left and only antibiotic treatment can be undertaken. If the condition is not controlled in 3-4 days, the pessary is removed. In the event of pregnancy, it is necessary to remove it as soon as the woman establishes this.