Pain or discomfort experienced in the area of ​​one or both testicles may originate from the testicle itself or other conditions that affect the scrotum, groin, or abdomen. Several conditions are known to cause pain in the testicles, the recognition of which is important and requires consultation with a specialist to avoid deterioration of their functions in dangerous ones. Structures in the scrotum The testicles are part of the male reproductive system. Sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone are formed in them. The testicles are located in a fold of skin called the scrotum, which holds them in a pouch-like manner outside the body. The scrotum is located between the penis and the anus. The size of the testicles in the adult male is equal to large olives. It is generally normal for one testicle to be slightly lower than the other in the scrotum. On the back edge of the testicles is the epididymis or epididymis. It has a crescent-shaped tubular structure. Head, body and tail are different. The epididymis provides a channel for the movement of sperm from the testis to the vas deferens. The vas deferens is a paired organ. It is a muscular tube about 50 cm long that reaches the prostate gland. The vas deferens starts from the tail of the epididymidis, ascends together with the artery, vein and nerve of the corresponding testicle, enters the abdominal cavity through the internal inguinal ring and is directed to the bladder. It opens into the prostate. The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. Participates in the formation of the composition of the seminal fluid. What can cause testicular pain? Several conditions are known to cause testicular pain. Some of them require prompt medical attention and treatment to preserve testicular function. Torsion or twisting of the testicle Twisting of the testicles in the scrotum leads to a deterioration of their blood supply (due to the twisting, the blood vessels of the vas deferens are compressed). When the blood supply is disrupted for a long time, it leads to damage to the tissues of the testicle. The condition requires urgent medical attention and a competent doctor’s opinion immediately. Torsion usually occurs when the testicle is not normally attached or inserted into the scrotum. It is due to a twisting of the spermatic cord of the testicle, where it hangs loosely in the scrotum. The condition is subsequently accompanied by bleeding and pain. Torsion occurs more often on the left testicle. Exceptionally, it works on both. The condition is most common in boys, between the ages of 7 and 18. It can also occur in older men up to 30 years of age, but these are rare cases. It is also often seen during the neonatal period after the baby is born. An exception is to get it in case of trauma. Second part of the material