Hematospermia is the condition in which blood is found in the ejaculate (sperm). Hematospermia can be caused by various disease conditions in the male reproductive system – bladder, urethra, testicles, seminal vesicles, epididymis and prostate gland. Blood in the urine most often occurs after a biopsy of the prostate gland. More than 80% of those who have undergone the manipulation have blood in their urine for three to four weeks. After a vasectomy, there may be blood in the semen for about a week after the procedure. In the remaining cases, the cause of hematospermia is not found or is the result of a benign or malignant tumor in the male reproductive system. Conditions in which hematospermia is observed: benign or malignant tumor of the prostate, bladder, testes or seminal vesicles, infections – chlamydia, herpes, cytomegalovirus and trichomoniasis, inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis), epididymis (epididymitis) or urethra (urethritis), stones in the seminal vesicles or the prostate, polyps in the urethra, obstructions to ejaculation – presence of obstacles in the way of ejaculation, metastases of cancer outside the genital system, cyst, hemorrhage or other abnormal conditions of the seminal vesicles. Symptoms The symptoms that accompany the presence of blood in the ejaculate , depend on the causes that led to the condition. They can be: pain during urination, pain during ejaculation, blood in the urine, lower back pain, high fever, pain in the testicles and scrotum, swelling of the testicles and/or scrotum, swelling in the groin. Diagnosis The doctor takes the patient’s history, performs an examination and prescribes tests for transmissible diseases and other infections, urine and ejaculate tests. An ultrasound or magnetic resonance examination can detect any tumors or abnormalities present. Treatment Treatment depends on the cause of hematospermia. Studies show that in a quarter of men who have blood in their urine, the condition is due to prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland). Antibiotic treatment is prescribed for suspected prostatitis. However, the benefits of this treatment cannot be defined as effective, especially when the causes are not related to inflammatory processes. In cases where the reasons for the presence of blood in the semen are not found, the practice is not to prescribe treatment. The condition usually goes away on its own. Prognosis The prognosis for the health condition depends on the causes that led to the presence of blood in the ejaculate. Cases of cancer are the exception, especially in young men. Summary The condition in which blood is found in the ejaculate is known as hematospermia. The most common reason for the presence of blood in the semen is a biopsy of the prostate gland. Hematospermia can be caused by a tumor, infection, anatomical abnormalities, the presence of stones or inflammation in the male reproductive system. Exceptions are cases due to malignant disease.In most cases, hematospermia passes by itself. Treatment depends on the cause that led to the presence of blood in the ejaculate.