Bartholin’s glands are small mucus-producing glands located at the back of the vaginal opening, providing lubrication. Their sizes are so small that they usually cannot be palpated. When they are blocked, however, the secretion accumulates in the ducts of the glands, leading to their expansion and, accordingly, the formation of a cyst. It is relatively larger than the gland itself, which allows it to be felt. When an infection is superimposed, an abscess forms and other symptoms appear. The causative agents of the infection are different – from Escerichia coli to the sexually transmitted chlamydia, gonococci, etc., and usually the flora is mixed. Bartholin’s cysts appear only as a bump near the entrance to the vagina, they are unilateral, painless, but can cause discomfort. With abscessation, the size can become larger, with pain at rest, when walking, during sexual intercourse. The general condition worsens, the body temperature rises. Symptoms and signs of an accompanying sexually transmitted infection are also usually present. The diagnosis of bartholinitis is already made during the physical examination. The cysts can be visualized and palpated, and the mucous membrane overlying the formation is calm, in contrast to an abscess, where the typical signs of the inflammatory process are present – swelling, redness, increased temperature, marked soreness. In addition, as mentioned, vaginal fluoride with characteristics typical of the infectious agent is allowed. Sometimes a secretion is taken for culture and the need for antibiotic treatment is assessed according to the result of the antibigram. In women over 40 years of age with a picture similar to Bartholin’s cyst, carcinoma of the external genital organs can also be presented, which is why it is appropriate to perform a biopsy. Uncomplicated cysts, especially in young women, do not require special measures. Sitz baths, even just warm water, can help unclog and drain them. For small-sized inflamed formations, similar measures may also be sufficient. Abscess and large sizes, however, suggest surgical treatment. It consists in an incision (incision) of the formation with drainage of the contents and the placement of gauze and in some cases even leaving a drain to keep the abscess cavity open for a certain period until the occurrence of fibous changes. The manipulation is performed under local or short-term intravenous anesthesia. Abscesses sometimes, but not always, also require oral broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment – in the case of a concomitant sexually transmitted infection or accompanying inflammation of the surrounding soft tissues. In case of recurrent abscessation, the ends of the cyst can be sutured, which will keep the cavity continuously open – the so-called marsupilization. In extreme cases, the removal of the gland is resorted to. In individual cases, surgical intervention is not indicated, and conservative treatment with antibiotics alone is started, empirically.Third-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole are usually included, and if there is a history of sexual contact with a new partner in the last three months, azithromycin (1 year once) or doxacycline (100 mg twice a day for 7 days) are included.