Cervical ectopy is a condition in which the columnar epithelium of the endocervix invades the region of the exocervix, where the epithelium is usually stratified squamous neurogenic. The condition is incorrectly called a “cervical ulcer” because the area of ​​infiltrated columnar epithelium is redder against the background of the stratified neuroprotective epithelium and resembles erosion – ulceration, although the integrity of the tissues is preserved. The cervix is ​​the part of the uterus that connects the uterine cavity to the vagina. It is usually 3-4 cm long, but during pregnancy it can reach 5-6 cm. The cervix conventionally consists of two parts – endo- and exocervix. With the term endocervix, the so-called portio supravaginalis means the part of the cervix located above the external cervical opening. The endocervix is ​​covered by a single-layered cylindrical epithelium and normally extends to the external opening of the cervical canal (orificium externum canalis cervicalis – OECC). The exocervix or the so-called portio vaginalis colli uteri (PVCU) is the part of the cervix that enters the vagina. The mucosa of the exocervix is ​​covered by a multilayered squamous neuroprotective epithelium. Normally, the boundary between two types of epithelium is found in the region of the external cervical opening. Various physiological conditions can change its position and lead to the occurrence of the so-called cervical ectopy. During puberty, during pregnancy, and in general among women of reproductive age, as well as among those taking oral contraceptives, due to increased levels of estrogens, there is a shift in the border between the columnar and stratified epithelium below the external cervical opening. In menopausal women, the border is usually moved above the level of the opening. It is important to emphasize that the detection of cervical ectopy among women of reproductive age is not dangerous, does not pose a risk of developing neoplasms and, in the absence of symptoms, does not require treatment. Of interest is the so-called transformation zone – a zone where the transformation of the cylindrical epithelium into a multilayered one is observed. The transformation zone occurs due to hyperplasia of reserve cells, which are stem cells. Glandular orifices can be found in this area, which, if blocked by the stratified epithelium, form retention cysts of Naboth. Cells in the transformation zone have malignant potential and can lead to the development of precancerous and cancerous conditions. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct regular examinations. Normally, cervical ectopy is asymptomatic. Some patients may complain of irregular uterine bleeding, pain during intercourse, abnormal vaginal discharge, etc. The diagnosis is made during a routine gynecological examination. On pelvic examination, the zone of transformation emerging below the external opening of the cervical canal can be recognized by an experienced specialist. The presence of Nabothian cysts in the area,or their detection in the cervical canal during ultrasound examination confirms the diagnosis. Colposcopy is also used as a diagnostic method. For this purpose, the cervix is ​​examined with a special apparatus called a colposcope, after treating the exocervix with an acetic acid solution or Lugol’s solution. When treated with acetic acid, metaplastic and neoplastic cells turn white. It is necessary to take material for cyto smear and biopsy material for histological examination. Patients with cervical ectropion who do not report disturbing symptoms are not subject to treatment. For patients who complain of vaginal discharge, bleeding, dyspareunia, there are various methods of therapy – cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser therapy, treatment with silver nitrate. Annual preventive examinations and tests are also needed to detect and control initial changes.