Specialists in modern diagnostics and therapy of diseases covering the ears, nose and throat system combine their opinion with other colleagues, specialists in the fields of sexually transmitted diseases and oncologists offering therapy of neoplasms in the body. Over the past years, a particular increase in the diagnosis of oropharyngeal carcinoma – throat cancer associated with positive results for the presence of human papillomavirus – has been registered. Neoplasms on the head and neck, as well as carriers of the viral infection, are associated with smoking, predisposition of the body to the viral disease, as well as an increased frequency of sexual contacts between carriers. Studies proving the relationship between the presence of human papillomavirus and the development of throat cancer have given a lead in the therapy of the neoplasm, because patients begin a combination therapy against cancer cells through chemoradiation, which aims at local destruction of cancer cells as well as the viral load. What is human papillomavirus? This virus is extremely common. Its characteristic is that it penetrates the body and settles in special cells called keratinocytes. They are found on the surface of the skin and internal mucous membranes – for example in the cervix, anus and throat. Virologists managed to find the exact number and types of the viral agent. There are over 120 different types of human papillomavirus, which doctors designate by special numbering. Some of them are almost harmless and develop asymptomatically without causing any particular harm to the body. Others cause skin warts. But about 30% of these types of human papillomavirus can be transmitted during sexual intercourse, affecting the vaginal area, anus or throat during oral sex. It is somewhat comforting that they are strictly differentiated and cannot switch from one type to another. What should we expect from this virus? Cutaneous warts are small pink or dark growths that are common in young children. They are caused by contact between infected and healthy skin. Genital and anal warts are similar in macroscopic appearance. They are transmitted during anal and vaginal sex between a healthy person and an infected person. The cancer of the throat – carcinoma oropharyngealis, has significantly increased in its development in recent years. The pharynx is an anatomical organ located at the back of the throat. It communicates with the larynx, tonsils and the root of the tongue. There are three zones of the pharynx – nasopharynx, mesopharynx and hypopharynx. The most susceptible to viral infection with human papilloma virus during oral sex is the nasopharynx, which protrudes forward and outward and communicates directly with the trunk of the tongue and the epiglottis – a type of “valve” that tightly closes the trachea and during the act of swallowing does not allow food particles to enter the body’s airways. In the past, it was believed that this type of carcinoma developed only and only with smoking and excessive alcohol intake.Nowadays, evidence from scientific studies shows that the human papilloma virus has a great importance in the development of the neoplasm. Viral particles of the 16th type of human papillomavirus (16-HPV) are incorporated into the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. This triggers a heightened immune response that mistakes the body’s own mucosal cells for foreign. As a result, an intensified attack from the body begins, which causes cell restriction. In the process of development, the newly formed cells change their cyclic forms for cell division and begin to degenerate uncontrollably as cancer cells, forming a differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma – cancer of the nasopharynx. NEWS_MORE_BOX Other manifestations of the human papilloma virus in anal sex occur in the development of cancer of the rectum – the most extreme part of the large intestine, which has a reservoir function and participates in the evacuation of intestinal contents. A significant increase in the development of cancer also occurs with vaginally transmitted virus. Cancer of the labia is the second most common complication of viral infection. Diagnostics For the specific differentiation of human papilloma virus in the body, a number of diagnostic measures are carried out, which cover the site of the virus’s impact. For example, in the case of cancer of the vagina and labia, colposcopy is used to visualize the inner surface of the vagina and the cervix. In anorectal carcinoma – cancer of the anus, recto- and colonoscopic imaging studies are applied, which examine the mucous membrane of the rectum and the entire length of the large intestine for distractions or distant positions for the incorporation of the virus. In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment Specific treatment against human papilloma virus has not been found yet. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.This triggers a heightened immune response that mistakes the body’s own mucosal cells for foreign. As a result, an intensified attack from the body begins, which causes cell restriction. In the process of development, the newly formed cells change their cyclic forms for cell division and begin to degenerate uncontrollably as cancer cells, forming a differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma – cancer of the nasopharynx. NEWS_MORE_BOX Other manifestations of the human papilloma virus in anal sex occur in the development of cancer of the rectum – the most extreme part of the large intestine, which has a reservoir function and participates in the evacuation of intestinal contents. A significant increase in the development of cancer also occurs with vaginally transmitted virus. Cancer of the labia is the second most common complication of viral infection. Diagnostics For the specific differentiation of human papilloma virus in the body, a number of diagnostic measures are carried out, which cover the site of the virus’s impact. For example, in the case of cancer of the vagina and labia, colposcopy is used to visualize the inner surface of the vagina and the cervix. In anorectal carcinoma – cancer of the anus, recto- and colonoscopic imaging studies are applied, which examine the mucous membrane of the rectum and the entire length of the large intestine for distractions or distant positions for the incorporation of the virus. In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment A specific treatment against human papillomavirus has not yet been found. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.This triggers a heightened immune response that mistakes the body’s own mucosal cells for foreign. As a result, an intensified attack from the body begins, which causes cell restriction. In the process of development, the newly formed cells change their cyclic forms for cell division and begin to degenerate uncontrollably as cancer cells, forming a differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma – cancer of the nasopharynx. NEWS_MORE_BOX Other manifestations of the human papilloma virus in anal sex occur in the development of cancer of the rectum – the most extreme part of the large intestine, which has a reservoir function and participates in the evacuation of intestinal contents. A significant increase in the development of cancer also occurs with vaginally transmitted virus. Cancer of the labia is the second most common complication of viral infection. Diagnostics For the specific differentiation of human papilloma virus in the body, a number of diagnostic measures are carried out, which cover the site of the virus’s impact. For example, in the case of cancer of the vagina and labia, colposcopy is used to visualize the inner surface of the vagina and the cervix. In anorectal carcinoma – cancer of the anus, recto- and colonoscopic imaging studies are applied, which examine the mucous membrane of the rectum and the entire length of the large intestine for distractions or distant positions for the incorporation of the virus. In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment A specific treatment against human papillomavirus has not yet been found. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.NEWS_MORE_BOX Other manifestations of the human papilloma virus in anal sex occur in the development of cancer of the rectum – the most extreme part of the large intestine, which has a reservoir function and participates in the evacuation of intestinal contents. A significant increase in the development of cancer also occurs with vaginally transmitted virus. Cancer of the labia is the second most common complication of viral infection. Diagnostics For the specific differentiation of human papilloma virus in the body, a number of diagnostic measures are carried out, which cover the site of the virus’s impact. For example, in the case of cancer of the vagina and labia, colposcopy is used to visualize the inner surface of the vagina and the cervix. In anorectal carcinoma – cancer of the anus, recto- and colonoscopic imaging studies are applied, which examine the mucous membrane of the rectum and the entire length of the large intestine for distractions or distant positions for the incorporation of the virus. In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment Specific treatment against human papilloma virus has not been found yet. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.NEWS_MORE_BOX Other manifestations of the human papilloma virus in anal sex occur in the development of cancer of the rectum – the most extreme part of the large intestine, which has a reservoir function and participates in the evacuation of intestinal contents. A significant increase in the development of cancer also occurs with vaginally transmitted virus. Cancer of the labia is the second most common complication of viral infection. Diagnostics For the specific differentiation of human papilloma virus in the body, a number of diagnostic measures are carried out, which cover the site of the virus’s impact. For example, in the case of cancer of the vagina and labia, colposcopy is used to visualize the inner surface of the vagina and the cervix. In anorectal carcinoma – cancer of the anus, recto- and colonoscopic imaging studies are applied, which examine the mucous membrane of the rectum and the entire length of the large intestine for distractions or distant positions for the incorporation of the virus. In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment Specific treatment against human papilloma virus has not been found yet. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment A specific treatment against human papillomavirus has not yet been found. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.In case of throat cancer, a complex of diagnostic methods is used, which aims to accurately and clearly present the scope of the neoplasm. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography – scanner are applied. When proving the presence of a neoplasm in the throat, a biopsy material is taken, which is tested for the presence of viral particles in the cells and proof of the cancerous form. The UK has developed a test that demonstrates the presence of human papillomavirus RNA molecules in throat cancer after biopsy material is taken from the neoplasm. Blood tests showed a significant increase in white blood cells, as well as progress in immunological parameters. Treatment A specific treatment against human papillomavirus has not yet been found. A therapeutic approach is applied against the removal of the consequences – skin and genital warts, anal and pharyngeal neoplasms and others. In the cancerous form of the disease, surgical, chemo- and radiation treatment is undertaken. There are vaccines on the market for protection against human papillomavirus, cervarix – which attacks types 16 and 18 and gardasil – which attacks types 6, 11, 16, 18.