Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicle. It rarely occurs as an independent disease. It can occur with infectious diseases – flu, typhoid, mumps. Inflammatory diseases of the urethra, prostate and conditions after the insertion of a catheter can also become a cause of orchitis. An inflammatory process is less likely to occur after trauma to the testicle. Clinical picture The testis is enlarged, thickened and painful. The scrotum is stretched, red, swollen and painful. No changes were found in the vas deferens and epididymis. Clinically, the disease proceeds acutely with the onset of severe pain in the testicle area and high fever. The affected person needs treatment in bed, which lasts between 7 and 10 days. When the blood circulation of the testicle is disturbed, it is possible to develop thrombosis of a certain vessel and this will lead to a heart attack, and at a later stage to gangrene of the testicle. Treatment Treatment is related to placing the patient on bed. Treatment is carried out with antibiotics, antiseptics, compresses, painkillers. In case of developed orchitis, the therapy continues until the temperature drops, the pain disappears and the inflammatory changes disappear. NEWS_MORE_BOX Brucellosis orchitis and epididymitis The most common surgical complication of brucellosis is orchiepididymitis. The causative agent enters the testis and epididymis by a metastatic route. Most often, brucellosis orchitis is accompanied by an acute hydrocele. Clinical picture The disease begins acutely with an increase in temperature. Orchitis develops first, and epididymitis later. The scrotum is uniformly enlarged, swollen and red. The testis and epididymis are very painful. Inflammatory changes last 1-2 weeks, and maybe even months. Treatment Treatment is conservative. Antibiotics and sulfamides are administered.