Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that is associated with advancing age. The first signs of the disease are movement problems. Smooth and coordinated movements of the body’s muscles are made possible by a compound in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. The main site of damage is the cells (neurons) in the brain in Parkinson’s disease. More and more new studies are proving that biological sex is an important factor in the development and phenotypic expression (manifestation of traits) of Parkinson’s disease. In addition, symptoms, treatment response, and disease risk factors differ between women and men. Overall, research on Parkinson’s disease supports the idea that the development of the disease may involve different pathogenic mechanisms in the two sexes. Parkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. It affects about 3% of the population under the age of 65 and up to 5% of people over the age of 85. Parkinson’s disease is more common in men than women, with the incidence in men being 50% higher than in women. Also, women develop the disease an average of 2.1 years later than men. Studies have not yet determined why there is a difference in the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in men and women. Some possible explanations are related to the protective effect of estrogen in women, the higher incidence of mild traumatic brain injuries in men, and the increased exposure of men to toxic substances in some occupations. One of the most well-known environmental factors associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease is chronic stress. Unfavorable psychosocial working conditions are a potential source of stress, of great importance for public health. Men with Parkinson’s disease have movement disorders similar to the disease in women. However, men have greater behavioral disturbances during REM sleep (physically active during sleep). Women reported more tremor symptoms, while men reported more rigidity (stiffness) symptoms. Other common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in men include: Tremors of the arms, legs, or face Gradually increasing general slowness of movement (bradykinesia) Stiffness Slow movement Impaired balance Spasms Lack of coordination Depression Involuntary movements of the face, arms, or legs Sleep disturbances Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease have a different presence and severity that varies between patients. Bibliography: Georgiev D, Hamberg K, Hariz M, Forsgren L, Hariz GM (2017) Gender differences in Parkinson’s disease: A clinical perspective. Heller J, Dogan I, Schulz JB, Reetz K (2014) Evidence for gender differences in cognition,emotion and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease?