Enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate gland is a common disease in men associated with dyshormonal disorders. It is due to a decrease in the incretory function of the male gonads, which suppress the growth influence on the prostate tissue of the hormone released by the pituitary gland. In old age, when a man’s sexual function weakens, the volume of the prostate gland increases. The disease is common. Pathological anatomy The main change is the increased volume of the gland, which can go from the size of a chestnut (as is normal) to the size of an unpeeled walnut, egg, apple, to a man’s fist. Usually, the lateral and, to a lesser extent, the middle part of the gland are hypertrophied. Hypertrophy of the middle lobe has quite severe consequences. In such cases, it protrudes into the lumen of the bladder, immediately behind the internal opening of the urethra and closes this opening in the form of a valve. Microscopically, it is found that the increased volume of the prostate is mainly due to an increase in the number and size of its glandular composition. In many cases, the glandular component is supplemented with varying degrees of overgrown connective and smooth muscle tissue. Depending on the histological structure, the following hypertrophies are distinguished: Glandular; Fibromatous; Smooth muscle; Combined. NEWS_MORE_BOX Complications Urinary retention. Urinary retention is associated with the inability to empty the bladder spontaneously. The problem is observed in two forms – chronic and acute. Presence of blood in the urine. Prostatic hyperplasia can sometimes cause blood to appear in the urine, especially if the man is taking medications such as anticoagulants (anti-clotting drugs). Development of infection. Incomplete emptying of the bladder and the presence of residual urine in it after micturition is a prerequisite for the development of an infection, which further aggravates the already existing symptoms.