Laser vaginal rejuvenation is a new, increasingly popular method among women to improve the elasticity of the vagina and its functionality. The method is non-invasive, followed by a painless and quick recovery period and is mainly applied to women suffering from urinary incontinence or who have experienced one or more natural births. What are the benefits and risks of applying this method? The vagina is a muscular elastic tube with a length of 8-10 cm, which makes the connection between the external genital organs and the cervix. The vagina is also part of the soft birth canal and thanks to its elasticity, the passage of the fetus takes place during the birth process. Anatomically, the vagina consists of a vaginal vault, front and back walls and an opening – ostium vaginae. In virgin girls, the entrance to the vagina is covered by a hymen. The wall of the vagina consists of three layers: mucous membrane, covered by a multilayered flat neuroprotective epithelium; middle, muscular layer and outer layer, represented by connective tissue. With age and the number of natural births, it is normal for the elasticity of the vagina to decrease, leading to reduced sensations during intercourse and to a condition called urinary incontinence – the involuntary leakage of urine when laughing, coughing, sneezing, lifting weights and other activities , exerting increased pressure on the bladder. Among the most common causes of involuntary leakage of urine in women is weakening of the pelvic floor muscles. With the onset of menopause in women, the production of female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone, which play a major role in maintaining the elasticity of the vagina and the tone of the pelvic floor muscles, ceases. The lack of estrogens leads to atrophy of the vaginal mucosa, which is clinically manifested by vaginal dryness, pain during urination (dysuria), pain during intercourse (dyspareunia). These unpleasant symptoms are one of the reasons why some women prefer procedures such as vaginal rejuvenation. Laser vaginal rejuvenation is a non-invasive procedure in which a probe is inserted into the patient’s vagina. Under the action of laser energy, micro-ruptures of the vaginal mucosa occur, thus stimulating the formation of collagen and new blood vessels – angiogenesis. As a result of collagen formation and improved microcirculation in the area, the vagina feels tighter and more elastic. The procedure lasts between 15 and 30 minutes. A feeling of slight discomfort and burning is possible. Before the procedure, it is recommended to visit your obstetrician-gynecologist, who will perform a pap smear and explain the risks and benefits of the intervention. The benefits of laser vaginal rejuvenation are that it is a non-invasive, painless procedure that has a lasting result and creates a feeling of a tighter vagina. In addition to benefits, the intervention may have some risks.According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the safety profile of laser vaginal rejuvenation is not fully understood. According to their studies, laser energy causes inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, as a result of which the process of cicatrization is activated – the formation of connective tissue at the site of microdamages. The name the presence of cicatrix creates a feeling of the narrowness of the vaginal canal. The effect of laser energy on the rectum, bladder, and urethra is also unclear. Vaginal burning, dyspareunia and chronic pain may occur as side effects of the procedure. Despite the good results it promises, it is recommended that patients who are fully aware of its safety profile undergo vaginal laser rejuvenation.