It has been found that 1 in every 7 couples experience fertility disorders. In men, the reasons for this can be reduced sperm production, impaired ejaculation, infections, chronic diseases and others. The most common factors that affect the fertilizing ability of sperm are: Varicocele – enlarged veins in the area of ??the testicles. It is the most common and reversible cause of male infertility. Impaired blood circulation is thought to play a major role in this, although the exact causes are not fully understood. This condition results in reduced quality and quantity of sperm in the seminal fluid. Infections – some infections impair the production of sperm as well as their functional ability. Others can lead to blockages in the vas deferens. Such conditions are inflammation of the epididymis – epididymitis, inflammation of the testicles – orchitis and some sexually transmitted diseases, including gonorrhea and AIDS. Some infections cause irreversible testicular damage. Ejaculation disorders – retrograde ejaculation is characterized by the entry of seminal fluid into the bladder. Various conditions can lead to these disorders – diabetes, spinal trauma, certain medications, as well as surgical interventions on the bladder, prostate and urethra. Anti-sperm antibodies – these are antibodies that are produced by immune cells and target sperm because the immune system recognizes them as foreign agents. Violated testicular descent – often infertility can be observed due to a violation both in the functions of the testicles themselves and in the functions of the hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pituitary gland and adrenal glands. Low levels of testosterone, a condition known as hypothyroidism, as well as other hormonal disorders can be seen when some of the endocrine glands are affected. Gluten enteropathy – this condition is due to increased sensitivity to gluten – a protein contained in most foods. Gluten intolerance can lead to infertility in men, and in these patients it is important to follow a gluten-free diet. Taking certain medications – testosterone replacement therapy, long-term use of anabolic steroids, certain cancer, ulcer and arthritis therapies can impair sperm production. References: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20374773